By-product coke-oven.



G. H. BENJAMIN.

BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 11. 1911.

Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

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22 15 27 7 ,28 /Z Q a 0 9 1 1 11' 1 1 '1 1/ mm; a I I 1 z 5 f ,2 I, j j 5 5 Z6 1 G. H. BENJAMIN.

BY-PRODUCT 'COKE OVEN. 'APPLICATION FILED DIED. l1. 19H.

1,205,698. Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

46 m%g,% I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE HILLARD BENJAMIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BY-PRODUCT COKE-OVEN.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, GEORGE HILLARD BENJAMIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county 'and new and useful Improvements in By-Product Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in an improved construction of by product coke ovens, by reason of which more efficient and economical heating of the ovens can be obtained, with the consequent production of a more uniform grade of coke, and byproducts, than has heretofore resulted.

My invention consists primarily in the means employed to obtain high temperatures in the heating fines, and secondarily in various features of construction, which willbe set forth in the specification and specifically pointedout in the claims.

The accompanying drawings will serve to illustrate my invention, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the oven, supporting structure, and coke car, taken along the line II of Fig. 2. Fig. 2

is a horizontal section, taken along the line:

11-11 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section taken through the ovens, struc ture and coke car, along the line III-J11 of i Fig. 2. Fig. i is a transverse section ,.through one of the coke ovens, taken along 4' theline IV1V of Fig. 2. Fig. is a trans- ;vel/se section through a series of the vertical ,35 fines, taken along the line V-V of Fig. 2. j Fig. 6 is an'enlarged vertical section at the bottom of one of the heating flues, showing which gas and air are introduced into the heating flues, also showing in elevation, the

for. the doors. Fig. 7 .is a sectional view of the'parts shown in Fig.6, taken at right angles to such view. Fig. Sis alongitudinal A vertical section and plan, illustrating av ,rnodification of the construction shown in 'Fig- 3. Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectio and plan, taken on the line IXIX of 1' Fig. 10 is a. transversesection, taken along the line X-X of Fig. 9. Referring to the drawings: 10 indicates a suitable framework for the support of the ovens, which may be of iron, brick, cement or other suitable material. The oven 11 is located upon the top of the framework, and

Specification of Letters Patent.

--' State of New York, have invented certain 'the burner and the connections through andin the anppipe 32, a valve 34 for con-J Patented Nov. 21, 1916.

Application filed December 11, 1911. Serial No. 664,987.

coal to be discharged into the ovens, through openings 18. The wall 15 is likewise pro- 1 vided, over each coking chamber, with a gas flue 19, which communicates with the gas 7o conduit 20, on the top ofjthe wall 15. Each of the openings 18 is provided with a cover 21., and each of the gas flues l9, with a valve .22.

In Fig. 8, additional openings 23 are provided, which communicate with the top of the heating flues and are provided with covers 24, the object of which arrangement is to provide means for cleaning the gas fines from the top of the structure.

Located within the walls l415, transversely and alternately disposed, are the heating fines, 25, and coking chambers 26. The heating fines 25 communicate at thetop with a flue 27, through which the products of combustion are conveyed to the chimneys 28. Two chimneys are shown, one at each side of the fines and located at the center of the structure. Heating fiues 29, corresponding to the fines 25, are also located at opposite ends of each coking chamber 26, which fines also communicate with the fiue 27. Located at the bottom of each of the heating fiues 2529, is a gas burner. 30, and con ected to each gas burner, is a gas pipe or ue 31, situated'on one side of the structure, and an air pipe' or flue 32, situated on the other side of the structure. In the gas pipe 31,. are arranged suitable valves 331E017 controlling the gas fed to a group of burners,

trolling the air "fed to a group of burners, and at each burner are two valves, one 35, for controlling the gas fed to a burner, and one 36, for controlling the air fed to a burner. 1

The main gas pipe 31. is connected to af gas pump 40, and the air pipe 32 is connected to an air pump 4E1, which pumps areassumed to be driven by a suitable motor, and;:;" in such manner that the gas and air are de'-' livered under pressure at the burners. Prefto sustain the. introduced coal.

erably the gas is delivered at a pressure of one pound totbc square inch, and the air at a pressure of one and one quarter pounds to the square inch, hot or cold. The. means for creating these pressures, the construction of the.v burners. air and gas heating regcnerators may all be substantially in accordance with the construction disclosed in my prior Patent No. 948,538 dated February 8th, 1910. or any other construction may be employed; by means of which similar results may be obtained. v

I wish it understood that 1 do not limit myself to the pressures stated for the gas and an. as these pressures may be varied.

In practice. however. I have found that the best results were obtained when using semiwater gas. by maintaining the pressures of the gas and air respm-tivcly at one pound and one and one quarter pounds tothe square inch. \Vhcre the gas is one having a greater number of B. T. units than are contained in water gas, it is sometimes found necessary to increase the pressure of the air. When using certain gases. as for instance oven gas, I have found it advisable. to pi'e-heat the air. \Vithgas derived from the disasmciation of oil, I have found it advisable toc'liill the. air. In practice I have found. when using gas derived from the coking chambers, that it was p ible to obtain a temperature of from 2700" to 3000 1*. in the heating chambers. ,.\lanifcstly. by dccrcas mg the amount of gas and air introduced.

while maintaining the pressures. the temperature of the heating lines can be increased or decreased. as desired. In the treatment of coal for the production of coke. I have treatment of peat. for the production of'coke and the separation of its volatile constitucuts. including water and gases. to generate the highest temperature possible without destruction of the furnace walls.

' The gas and air fed to the burners is mixed in the bdrners and fed into the combustion chamber under pressure in a mixed condition. l pon V ignition. instantaneous conil'mstion results. and all the heat units carried by the gas are set free and without the development of flame. In other words. llau'ielcss combustion is accomplished. with a temperature development of between 3l)(H)--l()(l(l l ahrcnlu. it. The theoretical considerations leading to the development of these temperatures. have been set forth. as far as I havc been able to do so. in my prior patent. to which I have heretofore referred.

Located at the bottom of the coking chambcrs 26. are doors 42, which act as closures for the bottom of the chambers 2(3 and serve Each door of the coke the right of the figure, the door 42 is blown open and swung down to allow clist' liarge' chambcr26 into the coke car 12. 's fm {as regards the door, its mounting. mttio(t""of closing. opening. etc.. I wish it understood that these are merely illustrative of a construction which may be used. and that it is not my intention to limit myself in anywise to such construction as various other constructions for the purpose. will suggest themselves to engineers.

In constructing my nnprovcd ovens, I prefer that the chambers 26 shall have approximately the following din'iensions: Height ill feet: length 11 feet; width from 1T'to ".22 inches: and that the diameter of the heating tlues shall be approximately one third of that of the coking chambers, or otherwise. of such diameter as to permit free combustion of the intrmluccd gas and air. That there shall be free combustion is essen tial. owing to the fact that the combustion produced at the burner must be flameless to produce the best results. The walls of the heating chamber may be of any suitable material: preferably. howevcr. of a material such as carborluuhun brick. which will stand the high tcnmeraturcs. produced within the heating llucs. In this connection I desire to ipoint out that the walls of the heating fines have a material cll'cct upon the heating value of the llame produced within the heat ing chambers. which has'a low radiant value): that these walls serve as a medium to absorb direct heat and transmit it as radiant heat of very high temperature.

I do not limit myself to the dimensions given for the coking chambers or for the heating chambcrs- Neither do I limit myfrom the bottom of the (mitt-fig.

self to coking and heating chambers arranged transvcrstly of the structure and altcrnzdely. as I may arrange my cham'bcrs longitlulinally and' dispose the heating chambers horizontally. as in the well known hemct Holvay furnaces. In practice. however. the best results are obtained in arranging the chambers verticaltv and alternately as 111011 el'licicnt and regular heating thereby results.

In constructing the furnace I prefer that the burners 230 shall be so mounted as to be readily removable. Such a construction is provided for in l ig. 6. By removing the burner 30 and the cover 24, in the construction shown in Fig. 8, access is obtained to the whole interior of the heating fiues 25. Ordinarily, however, it is not necessary to obtain access to these flues, as the perfect combustion of the gas and air leaves no deposit. f

It will be observe-don reference to the figures, that the bottom of the heating flues 25 is on a level with the top of the doors l2. By reason of this construction, efficient heating of the bottom of the chambers 26 re-' sults, as the heat is a maximum at the delivery orifice of the burners owing to the instantaneous combustion produced at such orifices. A further advantage in this construction is found in the fact that in the production of gas, where there is danger of disassociating the gas by high temperature, the temperature can be reduced. within the heating flues in such a manner to be high at the bottom of the heating chambers, but decreasingly of lower temperature from below upward to the exit flue 27. When the burners are arranged and manipulated as above described, the coking chambers 26 act in the. nature of producers and generate a large amount of gas without disassociation.

. The operation of my improved coke oven 1 will be readily understood.

The door 42 having been swung into position and secured by the bail 47, is lifted up by the screw 43 until it fits tightly in the bottom of the coking chamber. This is essential, inorder to prevent air from entering into the bottom of the chamber. The coal or peat to be coked is then introduced into the chamber 26 from the cars 17, through the openings 18, until the chamber is full. The burners 30 .are then ignited.

. The heat set free from the combustion in the fines 25-29, will be absorbed by the intervening walls between the fines and the coking chambers, and transmitted by radiation to the body of-coai or peat within the coking chamber 26, and such body of coal or peat converted into coke and various volatile products.

As previously indicated, the temperatures produced in the heating flues and trans-' mitted, will depend largely upon the character of the material (coal or peat) introduced into the coking chambers. No explicit directions can be given as to temperatures, time required to effect results desired, etc., as these factors will depend on the character of the materials, moisture, etc., etc., all of which Will be evident to those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

hen the coking is accomplished, the bottom of the chambers is opened by dropping the doors 42 and discharging the coke into suitable cars 12, after which the doors are immediately closed, and a new charge introduced.

In the practical operation of my oven, it is found that the character of the coke produced is more uniform than in ordinary cok ing furnaces, (probably owing to the even distribution of heat), and that the "volatile products are more readily separated and the time of coking operation reduced.- 1

In addition to the use described, my improved oven is suitable to carry into effect many metallurgical and chemical operations which require the creation of very high temperatures, such ascannot be obtained by the direct radiation from flame, owing to the imperfect radiation of flame, but which may be successfully eiiected by absorbing the heat of the flame and subsequently radiating it through a medium; tor instance, I may charge into the chambers 2.6, coal and. other materials such as limc, magnesia. calcium fluorid, flue dust, breeze and the like, and bring about compounds suitable in metallurgical operations, or the production of products for use in heating or for use in metallurgical operations. \Vhat I wish to have understood is tha my improved by-product coke oven is suit-,

able not only for separating the volatile construction, which may be modified inactual practice, without in anywise altering the principle'of operation invol ved.

I'wish to have it understood that I believe I am the first to have described a construction in which very high temperatures may be obtained by flameless combustion of gas and air under pressure, the absorption of such heat, and its subsequent radiation under conditions which will enhance its thermic value in producing metallurgical or chemical results.

Having thus described my invention, I claim .1. The combination in a coking oven, of a series of coking chambers, a series of heating fines, burners located in said heating fines, said heating flues of such dimensions as to permit instantaneous combustion at the burner orifices without the development of flame, together with means for delivering gas and air tosaid burners at such pressures as will cause the velocity of flow to correspond to the speed of combustion.

2. The combination in a coking oven of a series of coking chambers, aseries of heatin fines of suchsize as to permit free deve opment of flame therein, burners located in said heating fines, together With means i1 series of cokingchan'ihers. a series of heating lines, each heating l'ine having four lateral side walls, two of said ails constituting also the side walls of the coking chainhers and an intervening space of such size as to permit free development of [lame therein, burners located in said heating Hues, together with means for delivering gas and air to said lmrners at pressures substantially of one to one and one quarter poundsto the square inch resymctively.

4. The combination in a coking oven of a series of coking chambers, a series of heating flues one on each side of said coking chambers, said fines consisting of four lateral side walls, two of said walls constituting also the side Walls of the coking chambers, and an intervening space of such size as to permit free development of flame therein, agas burner in the bottom of each of said flues, together with means for feeding gas and air tosaid burners at pressures substantially of one to one and one quarter pounds to the square inch respectively. I s

The combination in a coking even of a series of coking chambers, a series of heating fines, each of these said flues having four lateral Walls, two of said Walls eonstituting also theside Walls of the coking chambers and an intervening space between the walls, said Walls and said space designed and adapted to permit free developlnent of flame and evolution of the heat units of said flame, a gas burner located in each flue, together with means for delivering gas and air at pressures substantially GEORGE HILLARD BENJAMIN.

Vitnesses:

HELEN E, KoELsoH, ELI VVEILL. 

